Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Freedom from Reality Essay -- Mark Tw

In Mark Twain’s, Huck Finn, Huck seeks to escape oppression from his father and manages to fake his own death and run away. Just after his escape, Huck meets Jim, a familiar runaway slave to who he regretfully decides to help. Along their journey they travel down the Mississippi River which comes to serve as an asylum away from the influences of society. While the river initially appears to offer freedom from the wrongs of society, it ironically brings them closer towards the oppression of southern society. Initially the river offers Huck and Jim physical and mental liberation from society. Searching for freedom, Huck and Jim learn that they need to use the river as their path to freedom. On the river, they find beauty, peace, and also discover that they make their own rules: Sometimes we'd have that whole river all to ourselves for the longest time†¦maybe you could hear a fiddle or a song coming over from one of them crafts. It's lovely to live on a raft. We had the sky up there, all speckled with stars, and we used to lay on our backs and look up at them, and discuss about whether they was made or only just happened. (1325) In this passage, we see how life on the river opens them up to pondering new ideas and discovering new found appreciation for nature. Through a physical separation they are able to appreciate the friendship and liberation that nature offers. They recognize that they are away from society and now have only the stars, the sky and the river to guide them. This physical separation also gives them a sense of mental separation, where they are able to make their own rules and become open to ideas. When Huck says, â€Å"I was boss of it, it all belonged to me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1267), we see that Huck fee... ..., Huck’s journey down the river opens his eyes to the ugliness of human nature and the danger in losing sight of reality. Huck’s illusion of the river as being a genuine escape from society is cut short by the quick invasion and the steady influence southern society has. The invasion of southern society to life on the river tears down the physical and mental barriers and once again attempts to enslave them to the influences of society. Until that point, their journey down the Mississippi is just another one of Tom’s adventures. It is through this placement back into the realms of reality that Huck and Jim finally are able to challenge ideas of not only southern society but also human nature. Works Cited Clemens, Samuel. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter, et al. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Lexington: Heath, 1994.

The Food Wars by Walden Bello

Food insecurity is linked to various issues such as poverty, low income, poor infrastructure, inequitable access to land, water, credit and markets. Food security is also threatened due to natural disasters such as floods, droughts and further exacerbated by internal conflicts which can dislocate rural and farming communities. These issues and challenges are the normal and repetitive debates among the global community of practice regarding food security while the needs and necessities of the peasant farmers, who are responsible for the majority of food production around the globe, are not addressed. In The Food Wars, Walden Bello presents the important and burning issues of the North-South power gap and hierarchy regarding food security. Bello depicts and argues the role of the Bretton Woods institutions influencing agricultural policies in developing countries, organizations such as the WTO designing rules and regulations that exclude developing nations and their smallholder farmers, while donor organizations such as USAID heavily persuade developing nations to adopt unfriendly domestic policies. Most importantly, Bello closes the gap between the policies made by multilateral institutions, developing government ministries and their implication on the peasant farmer. The structural adjustment had massive implication and consequences in Mexico and the Philippines. According to Bello, the structural adjustment tore apart the traditional corn farmers of Mexico and turned a nation that was once the original place of corn domestication to a major corn importer. Furthermore, the creation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in an attempt to create liberalization of agricultural trade further displaced smallholder farmers. Policies imposed by the North have diverted the traditional farming practices of the peasant farmer that has existed for decades to commercial agricultural practices in an attempt to increase agricultural efficiency and strengthen food security. Following the structural adjustment and NAFTA Mexico experienced severe food insecurity while the young labor force from rural farms stated migrating to the US. Bello also discusses the Philippines experience regarding the rice shortage. The Philippines once a major rice exporter nation owing to the government echnical services geared towards peasant farmers became a major food importer due to the effects of structural adjustments. Philippines entry to the WTO increased the country’s payment to its debts, extracting funds from various government services including towards peasant farmers while the nation’s food insecurity increased. Bello states: â€Å"Today, the status of the Philippines as a permanent importer of rice and, mo re generally, a net food importer is implicitly accepted by a government that does not view the countryside as an essential element in the nation’s economic development†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Bello, 67). Bello also discusses the impact of the structural adjustment in the African agriculture. In what Bello labeled â€Å"Destroying African Agriculture†, he discusses the transformation of the African continent as a major exporter of food to a major importer. The aim of the structure adjustment in Africa was to loosen governments’ involvement in rural agriculture such as subsidized fertilizers. The ultimate goal was to attract the private sector into the agriculture economy so that ultimately agriculture productivity increases through industrialized mode of agriculture instead of the peasant agriculture. However, according to Bello, the private sector failed to step in to fill in the gaps. In the case of Malawi, the extreme influence over the government to adopt structural adjustment led the extreme food insecurity of the country and eventually led to famine. Prior to giving into the World Bank’s and IMF’s pressure to adopt to these adjustments, Malawi had a fertilizer subsidy program that provided peasants farmers with affordable fertilizers. After surrendering to the structural adjustment, the government of Malawi withdrew its support to peasant farmers with the hope of the private sector stepping in. However, food production declined tremendously while the nation turned to aid. Malawi finally refused to abide by these adjustments and continued to provide subsidized fertilizer which was followed by three years of crop surplus. Furthermore, Bello emphasizes the contradicting approaches between the WTO and the structural adjustment of the Bretton Wood Institutions. While the World Bank and the IMF were forcing governments to abandon the various subsidies they have set up in place for the peasant farmer, the WTO failed to eliminate subsidies by the US and European governments. Bello states: â€Å"Subsidies now account for 40 percent of the value of agricultural production in the European Union and 25 percent in the United States† (Bello, 76-77). Smallholder farmers were in no position to compete in such unfair market environment and thus the rise in food insecurity around the globe. Agrofuels were once considered the remedy to the massive consumption of fossil fuels and the green alternative. However, as Bello mentions and debates: â€Å"†¦that US and EU agrofuels policies were responsible for three quarters of the 140 percent increase in food prices between 2002 and February 2008† (Bello, 123). Agrofuels become an opportunity of major profit making for multiple multinational corporations. Government officials and development workers indorsed this magical solution with the hope of aiding their beneficiaries. However, the serious demand of agrofuel consumption and production led to extensive environmental damage, pollution and threats to biodiversity. Furthermore, the production of agrofuels failed to be sustainable for it exploits more energy than it produces. However, corporate agriculture and various privileged politicians are the primary beneficiaries to agrofuels and the main drivers to projects and policies that are favorable to it. According to Shepard Daniel and Anuradha Mittal’s article â€Å"The Great Land Grab: Rush for World’s Farmland Threatens Food security of the Poor,† the demand for land has driven investors from around the globe to the current land grab: â€Å"Attracted by this big demand and market, investors- mainly from the private sector and OECD member countries- are targeting vast tracts of land to produce crops for agrofuels in developing countries,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Daniel and Mittal, 4). The land grab in various developing nations is not only coming from the usual â€Å"Northern† countries but rather from emerging economies of China, India, Saudi Arabia and UAE. Furthermore, pressured by the international institutions and foreign investors, developing countries governments fail to make the appropriate decisions that favors smallholder farmers. More and more evidence is indicating that there is not much room for smallholder farmers in this global rush to massive land grabs. Peasant farmers are being forced out of their lands, forced to work on industrialized agriculture while losing their family/ traditional values. The global land grab is not only eliminating traditional farming heritages but is also creating a severe food shortage and insecurity in the most vulnerable areas of the world. Walden Bello presents a holistic argument regarding international food insecurity as influenced by various global players of the North. It offers an extensive analysis of the power hierarchy that exists between the North- South divide and its contribution to the various failed endeavors and attempts to achieving global food security. Bello also emphasizes on food sovereignty as the right of each nation and its citizens to sustain and advance its own capacity to produce basic food, while respecting environmental, productive and cultural diversity. Most importantly, the book emphasizes on the importance of the participation of peasant farmers in decision and policy making being key to achieving food security and healthy economic growth as a whole.

University of Denver Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of Denver is a private research university with an acceptance rate of 56%. Located about seven miles from downtown Denver, the University of Denvers main campus offers students easy access to both outdoor activities and an urban center. For its strengths in the liberal arts and sciences, DU was awarded a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. DU offers over 100 undergraduate degree programs and 120 graduate degree programs. In athletics, the University of Denver Pioneers compete primarily in the NCAA Division I  Summit League. Winter sports such as skiing and hockey are particularly strong at DU. Considering applying to University of Denver? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of Denver had an acceptance rate of 56%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 56 students were admitted, making DUs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics Number of Applicants 20,475 Percent Admitted 56% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 13% SAT Scores and Requirements University of Denver has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to DU may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required.  During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 56% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 590 690 Math 580 680 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that of those students who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of University of Denvers admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to University of Denver scored between 590 and 690, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 690. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 580 and 680, while 25% scored below 580 and 25% scored above 680. While the SAT is not required, this data tells us that a composite SAT score of 1370 or higher is competitive  for University of Denver. Requirements University of Denver does not require SAT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, note that DU participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. University of Denver does not require the essay portion of the SAT or SAT Subject tests. ACT Scores and Requirements University of Denver has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 56% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 25 33 Math 24 29 Composite 26 31 This admissions data tells us that of those who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of DUs admitted students fall within the top 18% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to University of Denver received a composite ACT score between 26 and 31, while 25% scored above 31 and 25% scored below 26. Requirements Note that University of Denver does not require ACT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, University of Denver participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all ACT test dates. DU does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2019, the middle 50% of University of Denvers incoming class had high school GPAs between 3.6 and 4.0. 25% had a GPA above 4.0, and 25% had a GPA below 3.6. These results suggest that most successful applicants to University of Denver have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Denver Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of Denver. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances University of Denver, which accepts just over half of applicants, has a competitive admissions pool. However, DU also has a  holistic admissions  process and is test-optional, and admissions decisions are based on much more than numbers. A strong  application essay  and  glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. The college is looking for students who will contribute to the campus community in meaningful ways, not just students who show promise in the classroom. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and scores are outside of University of Denvers average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that most admitted students had high school GPAs of A- or higher, a combined SAT score of 1100 or higher, and an ACT composite score of 22 or better. Your chances improve measurably if your grades and test scores are above this lower range. If You Like University of Denver, You May Also Like These Schools: Boston UniversityNew York UniversityUniversity of OregonUniversity of Southern CaliforniaUniversity of Washington - SeattleHarvard UniversityPepperdine UniversityNorthwestern UniversityUniversity of Colorado - BoulderColorado College All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Denver Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Albert Camus-the Outsider - 1194 Words

â€Å"Probably no European writer of his time left so deep a mark on the imagination.† – Conor Cruise O’Brien. First published in French as L’Etranger in 1942, Albert Camus’ The Outsider addresses the constrictive nature of society and what happens when an individual tries to break free from the conformity forced upon him by staying true to himself, and following his own ideal of absolute truth and sincerity in every action. Propelled more by the philosophy of existentialism and the notion of the absurd than plot and characters, Camus’ novel raises many questions about life, and answers them in a final chilling climax. The plot of The Outsider revolves around a central act of unmeditated violence on a beach, proving that â€Å"the darkest†¦show more content†¦Existentialism refers to the philosophy that questions life which exists in a hostile environment. Camus, along with his friend, fellow writer, and French Resistance leader Jean-Paul Sartre pushed this train of thought into mainstream culture. In the extended essay The Myth of Sisyphus, Camus realises the only philosophical question worth asking is whether or not to commit suicide. The absurd nature of life referred to is the incompatibility of incomprehensible circumstances such as impending death, cruelty, violence, genocide and racism, and the overwhelming desire for, and expectation of a happy life and the principles of optimism. One primary example of the absurd given in the text is the co-existence of the suffering and joy in life. This view of absurdity is shared with the existentialist Simone de Beauvoir who contends that the suffering in death is a â€Å"scandal†. The hostile environment, or constant, harsh circumstances are represented in the text by the oppressive heat of the sun which is ever-present at the side of Meursault’s consciousness. He feels it as he walks to his mother’s funeral service through the French countryside; He feels it beating down on him when he’s out swimming with a girl, Marie; he feels its uncomfortable, abrasive fire inescapably as he fires the bullets into the Arab’s body. Meursault becomes aware of the absurdity of life on the eve of his death as he realises that he’s â€Å"happy†, andShow MoreRelatedThe Outsider By Albert Camus1139 Words   |  5 PagesAlbert Camus’ novel The Outsider follows a young French Algerian, Meursault, who lives his day to day life detached from the rest of the world. Along with his indifference towards others, Meursault has alienated himself from society with his absurdist ideas and blata nt honesty. Camus has structured the novel into two parts. In Part I we see Meursault’s routines, habits and general reactions to daily events around him. At the end of Part I Meursault kills an Arab man which eventually leads to hisRead MoreEssay on The Outsider by Albert Camus 1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe Outsider by Albert Camus BACKGROUND: ‘In our society,’ wrote Albert Camus, ‘any man who doesn’t cry at his mother’s funeral is liable to be condemned to death.’ This may seem a bewilderingly dramatic, almost self-indulgent sort of assertion, but it is one which Camus brought to life in The Outsider, and to frankly devastating effect. The Outsider has become something of a cult classic over the years, especially in undergraduate circles. It inspired The Cure’s ‘Killing an Arab’, a song whichRead MoreThe Outsider by Albert Camus Analysis of Themes672 Words   |  3 Pagesresonance of Camus’s philosophical notion of absurdity. In his essays, Camus asserts that individual lives and human existence in general have no rational meaning or order. However, because people have difficulty accepting this notion, they constantly attempt to identify or create rational structure and meaning in their lives. The term â€Å"absurdity† describes humanit y’s futile attempt to find rational order where none exists. Though Camus does not explicitly refer to the notion of absurdity in The StrangerRead MoreA Outsider Of The Stranger By Andre Gide And Albert Camus1850 Words   |  8 Pages Andre Gide and Albert Camus seemingly had much in common. Both were French-speaking Nobel Prize winning writers with deep ties to France’s African territories and strong anti-establishment tendencies who sought to cast off the burdens society foisted upon them. Yet their as best evidenced by their respective best-known texts, Gide’s L Immoraliste (The Immoralist) and Camus’ L’Étranger (The Stranger). While both novels center around aloof young men hostile to the norms that society foists upon themRead MoreThe Outsider, by Albert Camus and The Assault, by Harry Mulisch1380 Words   |  6 PagesCamus and Mulisch present that the past and present are interrelated. The authors do this through the two characters, Meursault and Anton. Through Meursault, we see that his past actions affect the outcome of his trial. Through Anton, we see that his present situation constantly brings him back to his past despite him trying to escape it. Thus the authors stylist ically link the past and present to demonstrate that they are inevitably related, where certain events are unavoidable or the past is undeniableRead More Comparing Story Openings of Bleak House by Charles Dickens to The Outsider by Albert Camus954 Words   |  4 PagesAt the opening of the story The Outsider, the writer Albert Camus places time in the wrong order. This creates the impression that we are seeing into the characters thoughts rather than a story being told to us. It works very effectively as the paragraphs are spontaneous and not in any form of order, thus creating a mental picture in our heads of one or two day?s worth of events, as if we were remembering them ourselves. This, however, does not apply to Bleak house. Dickens does not use any formRead More Comparing Albert Camus The Stranger (The Outsider) and Jean-Paul Sartres Nausea2131 Words   |  9 PagesLack of Order in Albert Camus The Stranger (The Outsider) and Jean-Paul Sartres Nausea  Ã‚   Nausea, by Jean-Paul Sartre, and The Stranger, by Albert Camus, refuse to impose order on their events by not using psychology, hierarchies, coherent narratives, or cause and effect. Nausea refuses to order its events by not inscribing them with psychology or a cause for existence, and it contrasts itself with a text by Balzac that explains its events. Nausea resists the traditional strategy of includingRead MoreComparison of How Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in the Outsider Have Used Moral Issues to Develop Their Works1599 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of how Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in The Outsider have used moral issues to develop their works It is debatable whether morality is a code of conduct that is considered right by society or whether it is a code unilaterally decided upon by an individual. When we consider morality as a tool used by both Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in The Outsider, this debate holds immense relevance. Wonderful Fool, heavily influenced by Christian doctrine, addressesRead MoreComparison of How Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in the Outsider Have Used Moral Issues to Develop Their Works1612 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of how Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in The Outsider have used moral issues to develop their works It is debatable whether morality is a code of conduct that is considered right by society or whether it is a code unilaterally decided upon by an individual. When we consider morality as a tool used by both Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in The Outsider, this debate holds immense relevance. Wonderful Fool, heavily influenced by Christian doctrine, addressesRead MoreThe Outsider1524 Words   |  7 Pagesof an extract from pages 14 to 15 from The Outsider by Albert Camus Word Count: 1,378 I have decided to focus on an extract from chapter 1 of Albert Camus’ The Outsider as I feel this extract is highly significant as it serves as a device of exposition to develop Meursault’s, continuously judged, character and provides foregrounding for the rest of the novel. The prose style throughout this extract allows Camus to convey his philosophy of the absurd and portray

The Significance of Death and Sex to William Shakespeare

The Significance of Death and Sex to William Shakespeare In this essay, I will consider Death and Sin in Shakespearean drama and I would like to look at three of Shakespeares tragic plays: Hamlet, Othello and King Lear. Shakespeare uses many themes in all his play that attract audiences throughout history. The things he wrote about are as relevant now as they were in his time. Death and Sin were issues that are always around. In his plays, Shakespeare could comment on these things and make audiences see things that they could not before. In Hamlet, we can see clear examples of Death and Sin as significant to Shakespearean drama. The first thing that points to both death and sin is the inclusion of a ghost in the play.†¦show more content†¦Claudius is the cause of a death and therefore also the committer of a sin, and having committed incest, he is guilty of two sins. The cause of the revelations on Claudius character as revealed by the ghost make him a hated character in the play by the audience. There is normally a character that the audience know everything about, giving cause for them to hate him, and Claudius is Hamlets hated Character. Religion in the 16th Century was still a prominent issue. Religion had changed from Catholicism to Christianity, depending on which monarch was on the throne at the time. People were expected to change religion depending on what their monarch said or face being an outcast. In Elizabeths reign, the religion changed from Catholicism to Protestantism. Being unsure of religions myself, the definition in the Collins pocket dictionary is as follows: Protestant: n 1 follower of any of the Christian churches that split from the Roman Catholic Church in the sixteenth century. Adj 2 of or relating to such a church. Protestantism n In the Ten Commandments, written for the Christian faith, there are some elements that must be followed that are also relevant to Shakespeares writing: Honour thy father and thy mother. Then you will live a long time in the land. You must not murder anyone. You must not be guilty of adultery. You must not want to take your neighbours house. You must not want hisShow MoreRelatedThe Oedipal Relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude Essay851 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout William Shakespeares Hamlet, Shakespeare portrays Hamlet with the same types of behaviors and frustrations in humans that Sigmund Freud saw at a much later date. When the relationship between Hamlet and his mother is analyzed Freuds oedipal complex theory comes to mind. The oedipal complex is a theory created by Freud that states that The child takes both of its parents, and more particularly one of them, as the object of its erotic wishes.(51) Because of this desire to be withRead MoreOedipus Relationship Between Hamlet and Gertrude1224 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout William Shakespeares Hamlet, Shakespeare portrays Hamlet with the same types of behaviors and frustrations in humans that Sigmund Freud saw at a much later date. When the relationship between Hamlet and his mother is analyzed Freuds oedipal complex theory comes to mind. Sigmund Freud first wrote about his theory in his book An Interpretation of Dreams in 1899. Simply put, Freud states that it is normal for children to have sexual desires for their parent of the opposite sex. He saysRead More Homosexuality in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1474 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice With every great story line comes a theme. William Shakespeare created an art of intertwining often unrecognizable themes within his plays. In Shakespeare’s play, The Merchant of Venice, one hidden theme is the idea of homosexuality. This theme might not have even been noticed until modern Shakespeare fans discovered them. According to Alan Bray’s book, Homosexuality in Renaissance England, â€Å"the modern image of ‘the homosexual’Read MoreComparing Attitudes Toward Love in First Love, Shall I Compare Thee, Porphyrias Love and The Flea1055 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent types of love, whether its between mother and child, friends, lovers or a shop-a-holic and her credit card. Many poets have written on the subject of love and tried to capture the essence of the indescribable feeling. William Shakespeare discusses romantic, eternal love in Shall I Compare Thee...? whereas John Clare addresses the issue of unrequited love in First Love. Contrasting with these ideas of admiration and romantic love is John Donnes The FleaRead MoreThe Role of Women in Julius Caesar773 Words   |  4 PagesRoman girl would then be coerced into the dominion of her husband, often taking a plethora of roles, ranging from lover, caretaker, and best friend. It is often lightheartedly stated that, â€Å"Behind every great man is an even greater woman,† and William Shakespeare exemplifies this concept beautifully in Julius Caesar, in which he effectively used the spouses of the two main characters to add more depth, drama, and literary elements to the play, bringing it to life. Although the only two female charactersRead MoreEssay on Second Character Role in Hamlet by William Shakespeare1355 Words   |  6 Pages In many stories, the concept of a secondary character role is often overlooked and deemed irreverent. However, in the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare and the novel Fifth Business by Robertson Davies, the secondary characters Horatio and Dunstan Ramsay respectively both play a cruc ial role in the fulfillment of â€Å"Fifth Business†. According to Davies, Fifth Business are those roles which, being neither those of Hero nor Heroine, Confidante nor Villain, but which were nonetheless essentialRead MoreHamlet Soliloquies Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesessential condition for tragedy is met – in the Aristotelian sense at least. Shakespearean tragedy however, is not an exact mirror of that outlined by Aristotle. Poetics outlined that the drama should largely focus on action. In â€Å"Hamlet† however, Shakespeare has the audience learning about the central character through soliloquies rather than action. Soliloquies allow the audience, and readers, to delve deep into the mind of the character and find out the truth. As one critic noted, it is a conventionRead MoreHamlet Essay Holly Silm1491 Words   |  6 Pagesintegrity of that text. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet has inspired diverse interpretations regarding its authorial preoccupat ions, structure and language choices, peculiar to the ideological, historical and cultural lenses of its commentators. The consequent reception and significance assigned to this text over the centuries simultaneously betrays the polyspersectivity of critical interpretation and the expedient perspicacity of social commentators. Asserting that Shakespeare and his work reflects theRead MoreRepresentations of Romantic Love in Poetry Across the Periods1480 Words   |  6 Pagesattitudes towards romantic love have shifted with changing values and beliefs. ‘Sonnet 130’ by William Shakespeare from the Elizabethan period, ‘Valediction: Forbidding Mourning’ by John Donne from the metaphysical period, and ‘Lullaby’ by W.H. Auden from the modern period are three poems that clearly reflect the changing representations of romantic love across time. The Elizabethan period in which William Shakespeare wrote was a time of cultural renaissance in England. Sonnets were written for the entertainmentRead MoreThe Role of Women in Julius Caesar Essay820 Words   |  4 PagesRoman girl would then be coerced into the dominion of her husband, often taking a plethora of roles, ranging from lover, caretaker, and best friend. It is often lightheartedly stated that, â€Å"Behind every great man is an even greater woman,† and William Shakespeare exemplifies this concept beautifully in Julius Caesar, in which he effectively used the spouses of the two main characters to add more depth, drama, and literary elements to the play, bringing it to life. Although the only two female characters

Current Event Fashion Ysl Free Essays

Paige Restivo Fashion Fundamentals Assignment #2 Current Event Yvan Mispelaere Out as DVF Creative Director September 12, 2012 â€Å"After two-and-a-half years as creative director at Diane von Furstenberg, Yvan Mispelaere is out the door. † (Rosemary Feitelberg) The article I haven chosen was published during fashion week shortly after the DVF spring 2013 runway show. It grabbed my attention because the title claiming creative director Yvan was gone and I knew that the show had just went on. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Event Fashion Ysl or any similar topic only for you Order Now His departure was announced 48 hours after the show. Mispelaere had worked with many designers before DVF, such as Yves Saint Laurent, Chloe, Valentino, Luis Feraud and Gucci just before DVF in march. He was very talented but never known for sticking to one project. Mispelaere was in for the challenge of it, he said earlier in the week, â€Å"I came to DVF to help further the brand’s mission and create a world-class design team. I am confident we have been able to achieve that during my time with the company. I can’t thank Diane enough for the opportunity to work with her and such talented people. The group is now well-positioned for even greater success, and I am eager to take on my next challenge. . I noticed a significant up bringing in Diane von Furstenberg’s line shortly after Yvan had joined the team, in past years DVF had been known but not the way it is now. Yvan Mispelaere felt his job was done and it was time for time next. I think the most propionate points of this article was when press had asked von F urstenberg to comment on behalf of his departure nothing but kind words were said. Von Furstenberg thinks he added â€Å"enormous value†, and is more than thankful to have had him join the team to help further them in each direction. Even though Yvan Mispealere had left DVF without a creative director, they are not eager to replace him just yet. Thankfully shortly before Yvan leaving DVF, they had just signed on Joel Horowitz as co-chairman. Down one man, but still have another to help run things smoothly. They are determined to keep DVF growing and becoming more of a world class brand. I enjoyed reading this article because I think drama in the fashion world is interesting, but shortly after analyzing this article I realized there actually wasn’t any major drama. Yvan would move on to his next big project, and Diane von Furstenberg was just happy to have had him to help. Closing this article was a comment by von Furstenberg – â€Å"I hope Yvan will immediately put his signature on the collection, I’m curious to see his slant. But it will still be DVF. † Rosemary Feitelberg (2012). Yvan Mispelaere Out as DVF Creative Director. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. wwd. com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/yvan-mispelaere-out-as-dvf-creative-director-6274810. [Last Accessed September 14, 2012]. How to cite Current Event Fashion Ysl, Essay examples

Law of Torts Rights and Liabilities in Tort

Question: Discuss about the case study Law of Torts for Rights and Liabilities in Tort. Answer: Introduction: The first issue in and in a related with the damages that can be awarded to David and Richard's mother Fiona who have suffered post-traumatic stress disorder and Fiona has not been able to sleep for months. Therefore it needs to be seen if the damages for psychiatric injury can be awarded in this case or not. Similarly verified that the president is this is related with the liability of Armidale District Council for the injuries suffered by Barry as a branch of a tree adjoining the road fell on his car. In this case, the responsibility for the upkeep of the road and the adjoining land was of the Council. Another reason that also needs to be discussed in this assignment is if the wife of Richard, Constance and his two children, Albert and Edwards were entitled to compensation, particularly when they had started to live with a wealthy stockbroker, Hector who was taking very good care of them. Rule: As is the case with negligence under the common law, for the purpose of establishing negligence under the Civil Liability Act, a plaintiff is required to establish that the defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff, such duty of care has been breached by the defendant and it has resulted in the damage alleged by the plaintiff. Generally it is considered that the modern negligence law has been recognized in Donoghue v Stevenson. Therefore, for bringing a positive claim under negligence, it is essential that the claimant establishes that the defendant had a duty of care towards the plaintiff; such duty has been breached by the defendant; the breach of duty has resulted in damage and such damage was not too remote. The legal test that can be used for imposing the duty differs on the basis of the type of loss suffered by the claimant. Therefore in case of personal injury and property, generally the Caparo test is applied by the courts. On the other hand, in case of psychiatric injury, the Alcock test is applied. In order to establish a breach of duty, an objective test is used for the purpose of deciding if the defendant has breached the duty of care. On the other hand, the 'but for' test is used for the purpose of deciding causation. This test was provided by the court in Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital. But, in certain conditions, some other concerns may also apply. The test provided in The Wagon Mound no 1 is used by the courts for the purpose of deciding the remoteness of damage. According to this test, defendant can be held liable only if the loss was of a foreseeable nature. Therefore if the loss suffered by the claimant was of the foreseeable nature, the defendant will be liable to the full extent of the loss even if the loss suffered by the claimant was much greater than expected. The tort law in Australia is heavily influenced by the common law but this position has been changed after the introduction of the Civil Liability Act. Advice for David and Fiona for the psychiatric injury suffered by them: A restricting approach has been assumed by the court in awarding damages for the psychiatric injury that has been inflicted as a result of negligence. Apart from the Caparo test that is used for imposing a duty of care, several restrictions have been imposed by the courts that have to be satisfied by the claimant for the purpose of establishing reliability of the defendant for the psychiatric injury that has been inflicted as a result of negligence. First of all, an actual psychiatric injury should have been caused. The result is that the emotions of sorrow and grief are not sufficient to be considered as psychiatric injury. In the same way, the feelings of fear, panic or terror are also not considered as psychiatric injury. In the beginning, the claims for psychiatric injury were limited to those who fear for their personal safety. However, as a result of the development of the law in this field, a wide range of circumstances have been allowed by the courts but still they are quite restricted. In this regard, the law makes a difference amid the primary and secondary victims. In this regard, Lord Oliver stated in Alcock that primary victims are the persons who have been involved mediately or immediately as a member in the incident. Later on, this was restricted to the persons who were in the physical danger zone as mentioned in White Ors v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire. In this context, the court stated in McFarlane v E. E. Caledonia that an objective attitude has to be adopted by deciding if the plaintiff is in physical danger area or not. The law requires that the primary victims only have to establish that the physical harm suffered by them was foreseeable. Therefore it is not required that the psychiatric harm suffered by them was also foreseeable if the personal harm was probable. In this regard it also needs to be noted that a primary victims does not have a duty of care towards the secondary victim, regarding self-inflicted harm. On the other hand, the secondary victims are the persons who are not within the physical danger zone but who have witnessed horrific events. In this case, the law requires that the secondary victims should establish that the four criteria mentioned in Alcock are present for the purpose of establishing liability. These are the presence of a close tie of love and affection; seeing the event with their own unaided senses; closeness to the occurrence itself or the immediate aftermath of the event; and the psychiatric harm suffered by the claimant should be due to a shocking event. The law provides that a close tie of love and affection is presumable between parent and child and between spouses but in case of other relationships, it has to be proved by the claimant. Particularly, in case of siblings, generally there is no presumption in favour of a close tie of love and affection. The second requirement is that the claimant should have witnessed the event the own unaided senses. Therefore, for example witnessing the event on the television is not considered a sufficient. The other requirement is the proximity to the event itself or its immediate aftermath. For example in Alcock, it was held by the court that the relatives who had visited the makeshift mortuary for identifying their loved ones were not within the immediate aftermath of the event. Therefore, what amounts to immediate aftermath of an event depends on the facts of each case. It is also require that the psychiatric injury should have been caused by a shocking event. In this context, Lord Ackner stat ed in Alcock that, shock, in context of this cause of action, involves the sudden appreciation of qualifying event, by sight or sound, which has violently educated the mind. However it is yet to include the psychiatric injury that has been caused as a result of accumulation of more gradual assaults on the nervous system over a period of time. As a result, the persons who have suffered psychiatric injury due to the long-term process of providing care to a loved one underwent harms due to the negligence of the defendants, are excluded. In this part of the assignment, the issue is related with the liability of Armidale District Council (ADC) as David's brother, Barry has suffered injuries when he was driving along a country road and was hit when an overhanging branch of the tree fell off. The responsibility for the road and the tree was vested with the ADC. It can be said in this regard that in certain respects, the statutory bodies are not different from other defendants so far as they liability under negligence is concerned. Therefore, the law provides that if the loss of the lament as being caused by the negligence of the public authority, for example by negligently causing the plaintiff to suffer physical injury or making a misleading statement to the plaintiff negligently, the statutory authority can be held liable in the same way as in case of any other defendant and the ordinary principles of the law of negligence can be applied. The emerging contemporary position regarding the liability of the statutory auth orities have negligence is that if the powers vested in the authority by the statute gives the authority a significant amount of control on the safety of the persons and the persons are in a vulnerable position, then a duty of care will be present on part of the authority towards these persons. Although, it will be a question of fact if the requisite degree of control and vulnerability is present in a particular case, it was decided by the court in Brodie v Singleton Shire Council that the highway authority was in a position where they had physical control on the object which was the source of harm suffered by the plaintiff. Therefore in the absence of immunity, the authority will have a duty of care towards the road users. Similarly, the liability of Warwick has to be decided regarding the death of Richard that was caused as a result of the accident that took place due to the negligence of Warwick. It has been stated by the High Court that the monetary cap that has been imposed by section 12(2) of the Civil Liability Act is not applicable to the claims that have been initiated under the Compensation to Relatives Act, 1897. As there is no reference to the deceased in section 12(2) the section should not be considered as limiting damages for the economic loss to the gross weekly earnings of the claimant. In this regard, it needs to be noted that Richard had a wife, Constance and two children aged 3 and 16. At the birth of their first child, Constance had given up her job and was taking care of the family. However after the death of Richard, Constance met her old boyfriend Hector who was a wealthy stockbroker and was taking very good care of the children. Under these circumstances, it needs to be decided if Warwick will be liable to pay compensation to Constance and Albert and Edward. In this regard, the law provides that the basis of compensation is not solatium or in other words, the damages awarded for damaged feelings or due to sentiments but these images are founded on the reimbursement for a monetary loss This is the approach approved in Australia regarding compensation and the law in Australia has been interpreted as applying only to the pecuniary loss that has been incurred by those members of the family of the deceased who were eligible to bring the claim. In most of the case s, the highest monetary loss is the forfeiture of income. Therefore it needs to be noted that the main source of pecuniary damage is the forfeiture of the net earnings of the deceased, present as well as the future. Therefore the foundation of calculation is the quantity of the wages or earnings of the deceased and out of this, the estimated amount required by the deceased for his personal and living expenses, has to be deducted. Therefore, the value of dependency not only includes expected maintenance but also savings. The law also provides that the domestic services provided by the deceased also have a economic value that can be assessed and the deprivation of service is also a pecuniary loss as is the lack of income. The extent of compensation that can be paid in a particular case has to be decided on the ground of the actual damages up until the time the damages are evaluated and the fiscal value of the support and services reasonably expected to be provided by the deceased in future. Application: Under these circumstances, it can be said that David does not satisfy the test described in Alcock. The reason is that he does not have a closed idea of love and affection with the victim of the accident. Moreover, he had not witnessed the accident himself or its immediate aftermath. In the same way, it can be said that the mother of the victim, Fiona also does not have a successful claim for the psychiatric injury suffered by her because although they can be presumed that she had a close tie of love and affection with the victim, being a mother but she had not witnessed the incident with her own unaided senses. In the present case also, Barry was driving on a country road and the responsibility for the road and the tree was of the ADC. At the same time, the Council was aware of the fact that the branches of trees falling off and hitting cars on the roads was a problem and the Council has also developed procedure for deciding the priority according to which the trees have to be cut down or pruned for reducing this risk. However the procedure for determining the priorities was adopted carelessly by the Council and if a careful process would have been adopted by the Council, the branch that hit Barry's car and injured him would have been removed earlier. In this way, it is clear that in the present case, Barry had suffered injury as a result of negligence on the part of the Armidale Development Council. Under these circumstances, it can be said that that he Barry has a claim under negligence against the Council. In the present case also, Richard was a qualified solicitor and was 35 years of age. He was looking after his wife, Constance and two children Edward and Albert. Therefore in this case even if the family had started to live with Hector who was taking good care of the family, still the amount of damages payable to Constance and the two children has to be decided on the basis of their income of Richard. Warwick will be liable to pay damages to Constance and Albert and Edward on the basis of the past as well as the expected future income of Richard. Conclusion In this case, it can be said that compensation cannot be awarded to David and Fiona for the psychiatric injury suffered by them. On the other hand, Armidale District Council is liable to pay damages to Barry for the injuries suffered by him when a branch of a tree fell on his car. Warwick will be liable to pay compensation to Constance and the children of Richard, Albert and Edward even if Hector is supporting them and taking good care of them. References Balkin RP and Davis JLR, 2013, Law of Torts (LexisNexis Butterworths, 5th ed.) Davies M and Malkin I, 2014, Focus:Torts (LexisNexis Butterworths, 7th ed). Lunney M Oliphant K, 2013, Tort Law: Text and Materials, Oxford University Press, 5thed. Luntz, H., Hambly, D., Burns, K., Dietrich, J. and Foster, N., 2012, Torts: Cases and Commentary (LexisNexis Butterworths, 7th ed. Mendelson, D, 2015, The New Law of Torts, Oxford University Press, 3rd ed. Richards B, De Zwart M, Ludlow K, 2013, Torts Law Principles, Thomson Reuters Sapideen, Vines Watson, 2012, Torts: Commentary and Materials (Thomson Reuters) Stewart, P Stuhmcke, 2012, Australian Principles of Tort Law (Federation Press, 3rd ed) Stickley A, 2013, Australian Torts Law, LexisNexis Butterworths, 3rd ed. Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1992] 1 AC 310 Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428 Behrens ors v Bertram Mills Circus Ltd. [1957] 2 QB 1 Brodie v Singleton Shire Council [2001] HCA 29 Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] UKHL 2 Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) AC 562 Greatorex v Greatorex [2001] 1 WLR 1970 Hinz v Berry [1970] 2 QB 40 McFarlane v E. E. Caledonia [1994] 1 Lloyd's Rep 16 Page v Smith [1996] 1 AC 155 Reilly Anor v Merseyside Regional Health Authority [1994] EWCA Civ 30 Seymour v British Paints (Australia) Pty Ltd [1967] Qd R 227 Shaddock V Parramatta City Council (1981) ALR 385 W v Essex County Council [2000] 2 WLR 601 Wagon Mound no 1 [1961] AC 388 White Ors v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1998] 3 WLR 1509 Wyong Shire Council v Shirt [1980] HCA 12 Civil Liability Act, 2002